Texas State Profile Fiscal Year 2009

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Texas

Sexuality Education Law and Policy | Recent Legislation | Youth Statistical Information of Note | Sexual Health Statistics | Comprehensive Approaches to Sex Education| Federal Funding of Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs | Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Curricula Used by Grantees | Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs in FY 09 | Adolescent Health Contact | Organizations that Support Comprehensive Sexuality Education | Organizations that Oppose Comprehensive Sexuality Education | Local Newspapers | Political Blogs | References

Back to FY09 State Profiles

Texas Sexuality Education Law and Policy

Texas Education Code states that all “course materials and instruction relating to human sexuality” must:

present abstinence from sexual activity as the preferred choice of behavior in relationship to all sexual activity for unmarried persons of school age;
devote more attention to abstinence from sexual activity than to any other behavior;
emphasize that abstinence from sexual activity, if used consistently and correctly, is the only method that is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the emotional trauma associated with adolescent sexual activity;
direct adolescents to a standard of behavior in which abstinence from sexual activity before marriage is the most effective way to prevent pregnancy, STDs, and infection with HIV or AIDS; and
teach contraception and condom use in terms of human use reality rates instead of theoretical laboratory rates, if instruction on contraception and condoms is included in curriculum content.[1]

In addition, school districts may not distribute condoms and are allowed to “separate students according to sex for instructional purposes.”[2]

In 2009, using authority given to it by the state legislature, the Texas Board of Education voted to repeal the state’s existing health education requirement. Though the specifics of what may and may not be taught remain in the Texas Education Code, schools may now choose whether or not to offer health education courses.

Each school district must also have a local health advisory council established by the board of trustees.[3] The council must make recommendations to the school district about changes in that district’s curriculum and “appropriate grade levels and methods of instruction for human sexuality instruction.”[4] This council also must “assist the district in ensuring that local community values are reflected in the district’s health education instruction.”[5]

Parents or guardians may remove their children from any part of sexuality education instruction if it conflicts with their “religious or moral beliefs” by submitting a written request to the teacher.[6] This is referred to as an “opt-out” policy.

See Texas Administrative Code §§ 74.1, 74.2, 74.3, and 74.41; Texas Education Code §§ 28.004 and 26.010; and Texas State Board of Education Administrative Code §§ 115.22 and 115.23.

Recent Legislation

Texas Education Works Act Introduced

House Bill 741 and Senate Bill 515, introduced in January 2009, would have mandated that all sexuality education in Texas be age-appropriate and medically accurate. In addition, such instruction would have included information on the health benefits, safety, and effectiveness of all methods of preventing STDs and pregnancy that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, as well as resources for STD testing and treatment. Under HB 741 and SB 515 sexuality education would have also encouraged parent-child communication about sexuality and addressed responsible decision-making. Both bills died in committee.

Legislation Prohibiting Federal Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Funding

House Bill 1371, introduced in February 2009, would have prohibited the Texas Health and Services Commission from applying for or accepting federal funding for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs. The bill was referred to the Committee on Public Health, where it died.

Legislation Requiring Sexuality Education to be Scientifically Accurate

House Bill 1567 and Senate Bill 1076, introduced in February 2009, would have required that sexuality education instruction in Texas stress abstinence, but also include scientifically accurate information on contraception and not discourage students from using contraceptives. Both bills died in committee.

Texas Prevention Works Act Introduced

House Bill 1694 and Senate Bill 1100, introduced in February 2009, would have required sexuality education instruction in Texas to be medically accurate. In addition, it would have required parents to be notified prior to the start of the course and the notification would have had to specify whether abstinence would be the primary focus and whether or not such instruction would include information on contraception. Both bills died in committee.

Texas’s Youth: Statistical Information of Note[7]

In 2009, 49% of female high school students and 54% of male high school students in Texas reported ever having had sexual intercourse compared to 46% of female high school students and 46% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 3% of female high school students and 9% of male high school students in Texas reported having had sexual intercourse before age 13 compared to 3% of female high school students and 8% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 13% of female high school students and 20% of male high school students in Texas reported having had four or more lifetime sexual partners compared to 11% of female high school students and 16% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 39% of female high school students and 37% of male high school students in Texas reported being currently sexually active (defined as having had sexual intercourse in the three months prior to the survey) compared to 36% of female high school students and 33% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 53% of females and 63% of males in Texas reported having used condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 54% of females and 69% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 17% of females and 10% of males in Texas reported having used birth control pills the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 23% of females and 16% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 18% of females and 25% of males in Texas reported having used alcohol or drugs the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 17% of females and 26% of males nationwide.

In 2009, 83% of high school students in Texas reported having been taught about AIDS/HIV in school compared to 87% of high school students nationwide.

Dallas, Texas

In 2009, 49% of female high school students and 63% of male high school students in Dallas, Texas reported ever having had sexual intercourse compared to 46% of female high school students and 46% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 4% of female high school students and 16% of male high school students in Dallas, Texas reported having had sexual intercourse before age 13 compared to 3% of female high school students and 8% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 10% of female high school students and 24% of male high school students in Dallas, Texas reported having had four or more lifetime sexual partners compared to 11% of female high school students and 16% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 37% of female high school students and 43% of male high school students in Dallas, Texas reported being currently sexually active (defined as having had sexual intercourse in the three months prior to the survey) compared to 36% of female high school students and 33% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 51% of females and 69% of males in Dallas, Texas reported having used condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 54% of females and 69% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 9% of females and 4% of males in Dallas, Texas reported having used birth control pills the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 23% of females and 16% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 12% of females and 24% of males in Dallas, Texas reported having used alcohol or drugs the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 17% of females and 26% of males nationwide.

In 2009, 80% of high school students in Dallas, Texas reported having been taught about AIDS/HIV in school compared to 87% of high school students nationwide.

Texas Youth Sexual Health Statistics

Teen Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion

Texas’s teen pregnancy rate ranks 5^th in the U.S., with a rate of 88 pregnancies per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 70 pregnancies per 1,000.[8] There were a total of 73,270 pregnancies among young women ages 15–19 reported in 2005, the most recent year for which data are available, in Texas.[9]

Texas’s teen birth rate ranked 2^nd in the U.S. in 2005, with a rate of 61.6 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 40.5 births per 1,000.[10] In 2005, there were a total of 51,180 live births reported to young women ages 15–19 in Texas.[11]

In 2006, the U.S. teen birth rate increased for the first time in 15 years by 3% from 40.5 to 41.9 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19, after having steadily declined between 1991 and 2005.[12] In contrast, Texas’s teen birth rate increased 2% between 2005 and 2006, from 61.6 to 63.1 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19.

Texas’s teen abortion rate ranks 15^th in the U.S., with a rate of 16 abortions per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 19 abortions per 1,000. In 2005, there were a total of 10,301 abortions reported among young women ages 15–19 in Texas.[13]

HIV and AIDS

Texas ranks 4^th in cases of HIV infection diagnosed in the U.S. among all age groups. In 2007, there were a total of 2,507 new cases of HIV infection diagnosed in Texas. [14]

Texas ranks 3^rd in cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed among young people ages 13–19 out of the 34 states with confidential, name-based HIV infection reporting. In 2007, there were a total of 213 young people ages 13–19 diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Texas.[15]

Texas’s AIDS rate ranks 14^th in the U.S., with a rate of 12.4 cases per 100,000 population compared to the national rate of 12.5 cases per 100,000.[16]

Texas ranks 4^th in number of reported AIDS cases in the U.S. among all age groups. In 2007, there were a total of 2,964 new AIDS cases reported in Texas.[17]

Texas ranks 4^th in number of reported AIDS cases in the U.S. among young people ages 13–19. In 2007, there were a total of 38 AIDS cases reported among young people ages 13–19 in Texas.[18]

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Texas ranks 21^st in reported cases of Chlamydia among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 20.06 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 19.51 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 35,038 cases of Chlamydia reported among young people ages 15–19 in Texas.[19]

Texas ranks 16^th in reported cases of gonorrhea among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 5.49 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 4.52 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 9,592 cases of gonorrhea reported among young people ages 15–19 in Texas.[20]

Texas ranks 4^th in reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 0.08 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 0.04 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 142 cases of syphilis reported among young people ages 15–19 in Texas.[21]

Comprehensive Approaches to Sex Education

SIECUS has identified some examples of model programs, policies, and best practices being implemented in Texas public schools that provide a more comprehensive approach to sex education for young people.[22]

Comprehensive Sexuality Education Curricula

Some Texas school districts are transitioning from an abstinence-only-until-marriage approach to more comprehensive sex education programming in response to rising teen pregnancy rates. Austin Independent School District, Hays Consolidated Independent School District, and Lufkin Independent School District all adopted sex education curricula that teach about both abstinence and contraception for the 2009–2010 school year. In addition, school districts in San Antonio and the Rio Grande Valley are also using more comprehensive sex education programs. Houston Independent School District, the state’s largest school district, is also considering implementing a more comprehensive sex education curriculum beginning in the 2010–2011 school year.[23]

We encourage you to submit any updated or additional information on comprehensive approaches to sex education being implemented in Texas public schools for inclusion in future publications of the SIECUS State Profiles. Please visit SIECUS’ “Contact Us” webpage at www.siecus.org to share information. Select “state policy” as the subject heading.

Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs

The Department of State Health Services and community-based organizations in Texas received $10,225,188 in federal funds for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs in Fiscal Year 2009.[24]

Title V Abstinence-Only-Until Marriage Funding

Texas received $3,283,437 in federal Title V abstinence-only-until-marriage funding in Fiscal Year 2009. Due to the expiration of the grant program on June 30, 2009, three months prior to the end of the federal fiscal year, the state received three quarters of the total funding allocated for the full fiscal year.
The Texas Department of State Health Services distributes federal Title V abstinence-only-until-marriage funds to 21 sub-grantees, including 12 community-based organizations, two health centers, two school districts, two universities, one crisis pregnancy center, one faith-based organization, and one hospital.
The Title V abstinence-only-until marriage grant required states to provide three state-raised dollars or the equivalent in services for every four federal dollars received. The state match could have been provided in part or in full by local groups.
In Texas, sub-grantees contributed to the match through a combination of direct revenue and in-kind services.

Community-Based Abstinence Education (CBAE) Funding

Public and private entities in Texas received $5,393,751 in CBAE funding for Fiscal Year 2009.
There are ten CBAE grantees in Texas, including four community-based organizations, two abstinence-only-until-marriage industry leaders, one crisis pregnancy center, one faith-based organization, one health center, and one university.

Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) Funding

Organizations in Texas received $1,548,000 in AFLA funding for Fiscal Year 2009.
There are four AFLA grantees in Texas, including two community-based organizations and two faith-based organizations.

Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Curricula Used by Grantees

Some abstinence-only-until-marriage grantees in Texas use commercially available curricula. These include, but are not limited to:

Choosing the Best
Sex Can Wait
WAIT Training
Why kNOw
Worth the Wait

To read reviews of abstinence-only-until-marriage curricula commonly used by federal grantees please visit the “Curricula and Speaker Reviews” webpage of SIECUS’ Community Action Kit at www.communityactionkit.org.

Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs in FY 2009[25]

Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Grantee	Title V	CBAE (Length of Grant)	AFLA (Length of Grant)
Texas Department of State Health Services www.dshs.state.tx.us/abstain www.power2wait.com	$3,583,437 (federal grant)
Abstinence America www.abstinenceamerica.org	$61,516 (sub-grant)
Alternative Community Development Services		$454,922 (2008–2013)
Arlington Independent School District.	$252,173 (sub-grant)
Austin Learning Academy www.alaweb.org			$473,000 (2007–2012)
Austin LifeCare www.austinlifecare.com www.austinlifeguard.com	$70,425 (sub-grant)	$582,900 (2008–2013)
Baptist Child and Family Services www.bcfs.net			$300,000 (2007–2012)
Baptist Children’s Home Ministries		$395,500 (2006–2011)	$300,000 (2004–2009)
Change Happens! (formerly Families Under Social Attack) www.changehappenstx.org		$600,000 (2007–2012)
Colorado Independent School District	$51,033 (sub-grant)
Communities in Schools of Corpus Christi www.ciscc.org	$379,119 (sub-grant)
Fifth Ward Enrichment Program www.fwepinc.org			$475,000 (2007–2012)
Fisher County Healthcare Development Corporation	$73,677 (sub-grant)	$542,500 (2007–2012)
Girls Incorporated of Metropolitan Dallas www.girlsincdallas.org	$60,783 (sub-grant)
Girls Incorporated of Tarrant County www.girlsinctarrant.org	$50,626 (sub-grant)
Henderson County HELP Center, Inc. www.thehelpcenter.org		$426,316 (2006–2011)
JOVEN—Juvenile Outreach Vocational/Educational Network www.jovensa.org	$143,578 (sub-grant)
Lamar County Coalition of Education, Business, and Industry www.lamarcountycoalition.org	$159,632 (sub-grant)
Longview Wellness Center www.longviewwellness.org www.virginityrules.com	$158,863 (sub-grant)
McLennan County Collaborative Abstinence Project www.mccap.org	$131,724 (sub-grant)
Medical Institute www.medinstitute.org		$598,324 (2006–2011)
Memorial Medical Center	$68,577 (sub-grant)
New Hope Counseling Center Inc.	$115,497 (sub-grant)
Planned Parenthood Center of El Paso[26]	$51,637 (sub-grant)
Shannon Health System www.rightchoices4youth.org	$195,359 (sub-grant)	$600,000 (2006–2011)
Skillful Living Center Inc.	$129,500 (sub-grant)
Southwest Community Economic Development Corporation www.project-family.org	$97,828 (sub-grant)
Texas College www.texascollegeonline.net	$134,229 (sub-grant)	$600,000 (2008–2013)
The Urban League of Greater Dallas and North Central Texas Inc. www.ulgdnctx.org	$121,808 (sub-grant)
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio www.uthscsa.edu	$344,777 (sub-grant)
Worth the Wait, Inc. www.worthwait.org		$593,289 (2007–2012)

Adolescent Health Contact[27]

Melanie Jamison
Texas Department of State Health Services
1100 West 49^th Street
Austin, TX 78756
Phone: (512) 458-7111

Texas Organizations that Support Comprehensive Sexuality Education

ACLU of Texas P.O. Box 12905 Austin, TX 78711 Phone: (512) 478-7300 www.aclutx.org	NARAL Pro-Choice Texas P.O. Box 684602 Austin, TX 78768 Phone: (512) 462-1661 www.prochoicetexas.org
Planned Parenthood of Houston and Southeast Texas 3601 Fannin Street Houston, TX 77004 Phone: (713) 522-6363 www.plannedparenthood.org/pphset	Planned Parenthood of North Texas 7424 Greenville Avenue, Suite 206 Dallas, TX 75231 Phone: (214) 363-2004 www.ppnt.org
Planned Parenthood of San Antonio and South Central Texas 104 Babcock Road San Antonio, TX 78201 Phone: (210) 736-2244 www.ppsctx.org	Planned Parenthood of Texas Capital Region 201 East Ben White Boulevard Austin, TX 78704 Phone: (512) 275-0171 www.plannedparenthood.org/ppaustin
Texas Freedom Network P.O. Box 1624 Austin, TX 78767 Phone: (512) 322-0545 www.tfn.org	Women’s Health and Family Planning Association of Texas P.O. Box 3868 Austin, TX 78764 Phone: (512) 448-4857 www.whfpt.org
Valley AIDS Council 1217 Chicago Avenue McAllen, TX 78501 Phone: (800) 333-7432 www.valleyaids.org	Youth First Texas 3918 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, Texas 75219 Phone: 214.879.0400 www.youthfirsttexas.org

Texas Organizations that Oppose Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Aim for Success P.O. Box 550336 Dallas, TX 75355 Phone: (972) 422-2322 www.aimforsuccess.org	Free Market Foundation 2001 West Plano Parkway, Suite 1600 Plano, Texas 75075 Phone: (972) 941-4444 www.freemarket.org
Life Dynamics P.O. Box 2226 Denton, TX 76202 Phone: (940) 380-8800 www.ldi.org	The Medical Institute 1101 South Capital of Texas Highway Building B, Suite 100 Austin, TX 78746 Phone: (512) 328-6269 www.medinstitute.org
Texas Alliance for Life 2026 Guadalupe Street Austin, TX 78705 Phone: (512) 477-1244 www.texasallianceforlife.org	Texas Right To Life Committee 6776 Southwest Freeway, Suite 430 Houston, TX 77074 Phone: (713) 782- LIFE www.texasrighttolife.com
Wonderful Days 3200 Riverfront, Suite 100 Fort Worth, TX 76107 Phone: (817) 335-5000 www.days.org

Newspapers in Texas[28]

Austin American-Statesman Newsroom 305 South Congress Avenue Austin, TX 78704 Phone: (512) 445-1718 www.statesman.com	Austin Chronicle Newsroom 4000 North I H 35 Austin, TX 78751 Phone: (512) 454-5766 www.austinchronicle.com
Beaumont Enterprise Newsroom 380 Main Street Beaumont, TX 77701 Phone: (409) 833-3311 www.beaumontenterprise.com	Corpus Christi Caller-Times Newsroom 820 North Lower Broadway Street Corpus Christi, TX 78401 Phone: (361) 866-3600 www.caller.com
Dallas Morning News Newsroom 508 Young Street Dallas, TX 75202 Phone: (214) 977-8222 www.dallasnews.com	El Paso Times Newsroom El Paso, TX 79901 Phone: (915) 546-6119 www.elpasotimes.com
Fort Worth Star-Telegram Newsroom 400 West 7^th Street Fort Worth, TX 76102 Phone: (817) 390-7400 www.star-telegram.com	Houston Chronicle Newroom 801 Texas Avenue Houston, TX 77210 Phone: (713) 362-7171 www.houstonchronicle.com
Longview News-Journal Newsroom 320 East Methvin Street Longview, TX 75601 Phone: (903) 237-7777 www.newsjournal.com	Lubbock Avalanche-Journal Newsroom 710 Avenue J Lubbock, TX 79401 Phone: (806) 762-8844 www.lubbockonline.com
San Antonio Express-News Newsroom Avenue E at Third Street San Antonio, TX 78205 Phone: (210) 250-3171 www.mysanantonio.com

Political Blogs in Texas

The Agonist www.agonist.org	Burnt Orange Report www.burntorangereport.com
Capitol Annex www.capitolannex.com	Grits for Breakfast www.gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com
South Texas Chisme www.stxc.blogspot.com	Texas Liberal www.texasliberal.wordpress.com

[1] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 28.004(e)(1)–(5), <http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/ED/pdf/ED.28.pdf>.

[2] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 28.004(f) and (g).

[3] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 28.004(a).

[4] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 28.004(c)(3).

[5] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 28.004(a).

[6] Tex. Ed. Code §§ 26.010(a).

[7] Danice K. Eaton, et. al., “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2009,” Surveillance Summaries, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 59, no. SS-5 (4 June 2010): 98–109, accessed 4 June 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5905.pdf>. Note: Dallas also participated in the 2009 YRBS.

[8] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, (Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute, January 2010), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends.pdf>, Table 3.1.

[9] Ibid., Table 3.2.

[10] Joyce A. Martin, et. al, “Births: Final Data for 2006,” National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 57, number 7 (Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 January 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_07.pdf>, Table B.

[11] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity , Table 3.2.

[12] Martin, et. al, “Births: Final Data for 2006,” 4.

[13] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, Table 3,5.

[14] “Cases of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2007,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, vol. 19, (Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, February 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2007report/pdf/2007SurveillanceReport.pdf> , Table 18.

[15] Slide 6: “Estimated Numbers of HIV/AIDS Cases among Adolescents 13 to 19 Years of Age, 2007—34 States,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults (through 2007), (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2009), accessed 25 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/adolescents/index.htm>.

[16] Ibid.; “AIDS Case Rate per 100,000 Population, All Ages, 2007,” (Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparetable.jsp?ind=513&cat=11&sub=120&yr=62&typ=1&sort=a>.

[17] Ibid., Table 16.

[18] Slide 15: “Reported AIDS Cases among Adolescents 13 to 19 Years of Age, 2007—United States and Dependent Areas,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults (through 2007), (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2009), accessed 25 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/adolescents/index.htm>.

[19] “Wonder Database: Selected STDs by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender, 1996-2008 Results,” (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 30 June 2009, accessed 5 March 2010, <http://wonder.cdc.gov/>; see also Table 10: “Chlamydia: Reported Cases and Rates Per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008, (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, November 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/surv2008-Complete.pdf>, 95.

[20] Ibid; see also Table 20: “Gonorrhea—Reported Cases and Rates per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008,106.

[21] Ibid; see also Table 33: “Primary and Secondary Syphilis—Reported Cases and Rates per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008, 121.

[22] This is by no means a complete list of all comprehensive programming and policies related to sexuality education, but rather some examples of best practices and model programs that SIECUS identified.

[23] Brenda Bell, “Some Texas Districts Change Tune on Abstinence-Only Sex Ed,” Austin American-Statesman, 27 September 2009, accessed 4 October 2009, <http://www.statesman.com/news/content/news/stories/local/2009/09/27/0927abstinence.html>.

[24] This refers to the federal government’s fiscal year, which begins on October 1^st and ends on September 30^th. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, Fiscal Year 2009 began on October 1, 2008 and ended on September 30, 2009.

[25] Through the Fiscal Year 2010 appropriations process, Congress eliminated all discretionary funding for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs, including the entire CBAE program and the abstinence-only-until-marriage portion of AFLA. The grant years listed in the chart reflect the years for which funding was originally approved; however, the grants effectively ended in Fiscal Year 2009.

[26] Closed on June 30, 2009. See “El Paso Closing Information,” Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., accessed 4 May 2010, <http://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/politics-policy-issues/el-paso-closing-information-30208.htm>.

[27] SIECUS has identified this person as a state-based contact for information on adolescent health and if applicable, abstinence-only-until-marriage programs.

[28] This section is a list of major newspapers in your state with contact information for their newsrooms. This list is by no means exhaustive and does not contain the local level newspapers which are integral to getting your message out to your community. SIECUS strongly urges you to follow stories about the issues that concern you on the national, state, and local level by using an internet news alert service such as Google alerts, becoming an avid reader of your local papers, and establishing relationships with reporters who cover your issues. For more information on how to achieve your media goals visit the SIECUS Community Action Kit.

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Texas State Profile Fiscal Year 2009