New York State Profile Fiscal Year 2009

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New York

Sexuality Education Law and Policy | Recent Legislation | Youth Statistical Information of Note | Sexual Health Statistics | Comprehensive Approaches to Sex Education| Federal Funding of Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs | Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Curricula Used by Grantees | Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs in FY 09 | Adolescent Health Contact | Organizations that Support Comprehensive Sexuality Education | Organizations that Oppose Comprehensive Sexuality Education | Local Newspapers | Political Blogs | References

Back to FY09 State Profiles

New York Sexuality Education Law and Policy

In New York, health education is required for all students in kindergarten through 12^th grade. This instruction must provide information about HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS instruction must be taught by teachers who have been given appropriate training and curriculum materials by the board of education or trustees. [1]

All HIV/AIDS education must “provide accurate information to pupils concerning the nature of the disease, methods of transmission, and methods of prevention.”[2] This instruction must be age-appropriate and consistent with community values and “shall stress abstinence as the most appropriate and effective premarital protection against AIDS.”[3]

Each local school board must establish an advisory council to make recommendations on HIV/AIDS instruction.[4] Local boards of education may provide for the distribution of condoms in schools. They must ensure that all students who have access to the condoms have taken part in an HIV/AIDS education program.[5]

The state does not require or suggest a specific curriculum, but does provide a curriculum framework, the Learning Standards for Health, Physical Education, and Family and Consumer Sciences at Three Levels. The framework does not specifically mention sexuality education though certain topics within sexuality education are included, such as “understanding of the changes that accompany puberty.”[6]

Parents may exempt their children from HIV/AIDS classes as long as the school is given “assurance that the pupil will receive such instruction at home.”[7] This is referred to as an “opt-out” policy.

See New York Regulations of the Commissioner of Education § 135.3, and Learning Standards for Health, Physical Education, and Family and Consumer Sciences at Three Levels.

Recent Legislation

Bill to Establish Sex Education Grant Program

Assembly Bill 1806 and its companion, Senate Bill 3836, which were introduced in January 2009 and carried over from the previous legislative session, would establish a sex education grant program administered by the department of health. Both public and private entities would be eligible to apply for the grants. Programs receiving the grants would have to be age-appropriate and medically accurate; provide information on abstinence and contraception; acknowledge the needs of students who already have engaged in sexual activity; and encourage healthy decision-making, self-esteem, and family communication. The bill empowers the Commissioner of Health, who would administer the grants, to determine topics of instruction and make provisions for grant applications. The bill passed the Assembly 129–16, but failed to move out of committee in the Senate. It was returned to the Assembly in January 2010, but no further action has been taken.

Legislation Mandates Comprehensive Sex Education

Senate Bill 1295, introduced in January 2009, and its companion measure, Assembly Bill 10966, would direct the Commissioner of Education to create and implement an age-appropriate, medically accurate, comprehensive sex education program for students in grades one through 12. Local boards of education would be empowered to institute different curricula, provided that the curricula did not substantially deviate from that created by the Commissioner. The bill was referred to the House Committee on Education. No further action has been taken.

New York’s Youth: Statistical Information of Note^{^[8]}

In 2009, 38% of female high school students and 46% of male high school students in New York reported ever having had sexual intercourse compared to 46% of female high school students and 46% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 3% of female high school students and 9% of male high school students in New York reported having had sexual intercourse before age 13 compared to 3% of female high school students and 8% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 8% of female high school students and 18% of male high school students in New York reported having had four or more lifetime sexual partners compared to 11% of female high school students and 16% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 30% of female high school students and 33% of male high school students in New York reported being currently sexually active (defined as having had sexual intercourse in the three months prior to the survey) compared to 36% of female high school students and 33% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 68% of females and 68% of males in New York reported having used condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 54% of females and 69% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 19% of females and 15% of males in New York reported having used birth control pills the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 23% of females and 16% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 18% of females and 27% of males in New York reported having used alcohol or drugs the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 17% of females and 26% of males nationwide.

New York, New York

In 2009, 35% of female high school students and 45% of male high school students in New York City reported ever having had sexual intercourse compared to 46% of female high school students and 46% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 4% of female high school students and 14% of male high school students in New York City reported having had sexual intercourse before age 13 compared to 3% of female high school students and 8% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 9% of female high school students and 22% of male high school students in New York City reported having had four or more lifetime sexual partners compared to 11% of female high school students and 16% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, 25% of female high school students and 30% of male high school students in New York City reported being currently sexually active (defined as having had sexual intercourse in the three months prior to the survey) compared to 36% of female high school students and 33% of male high school students nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 65% of females and 77% of males in New York City reported having used condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 54% of females and 69% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 7% of females and 7% of males in New York City reported having used birth control pills the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 23% of females and 16% of males nationwide.

In 2009, among those high school students who reported being currently sexually active, 15% of females and 23% of males in New York City reported having used alcohol or drugs the last time they had sexual intercourse compared to 17% of females and 26% of males nationwide.

New York Youth Sexual Health Statistics

Teen Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion

New York’s teen pregnancy rate ranks 12^th in the U.S., with a rate of 77 pregnancies per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 70 pregnancies per 1,000.[9] There were a total of 49,840 pregnancies among young women ages 15–19 reported in 2005, the most recent year for which data are available, in New York.[10]

New York’s teen birth rate ranked 44^th in the U.S. in 2005, with a rate of 26.5 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 40.5 births per 1,000.[11] In 2005, there were a total of 17,068 live births reported to young women ages 15–19 in New York.[12]

In 2006, the U.S. teen birth rate increased for the first time in 15 years by 3% from 40.5 to 41.9 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19, after having steadily declined between 1991 and 2005.[13] New York’s teen birth rate also decreased 3% between 2005 and 2006, from 26.5 to 25.7 births per 1,000 young women ages 15–19.[14]

New York’s teen abortion rate ranks 1^stin the U.S., with a rate of 31 abortions per 1,000 young women ages 15–19 compared to the national rate of 19 abortions per 1,000. In 2005, there were a total of 22,599 abortions reported among young women ages 15–19 in New York.[15]

HIV and AIDS

New York ranks 2^nd in cases of HIV infection diagnosed in the U.S. among all age groups. In 2007, there were a total of 2,836 new cases of HIV infection diagnosed in New York. [16]

New York ranks 1^st in cases of HIV/AIDS diagnosed among young people ages 13–19 out of the 34 states with confidential, name-based HIV infection reporting. In 2007, there were a total of 264 young people ages 13–19 diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in New York.[17]

New York’s AIDS rate ranks 2nd in the U.S., with a rate of 24.9 cases per 100,000 population compared to the national rate of 12.5 cases per 100,000.[18]

New York ranks 2^nd in number of reported AIDS cases in the U.S. among all age groups. In 2007, there were a total of 4,810 new AIDS cases reported in New York .[19]

New York ranks 1^stin number of reported AIDS cases in the U.S. among young people ages 13–19. In 2007, there were a total of 109 AIDS cases reported among young people ages 13–19 in New York.[20]

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

New York ranks 16^th in reported cases of Chlamydia among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 21.34 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 19.51 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 29,803 cases of Chlamydia reported among young people ages 15–19 in New York.[21]

New York ranks 26^thin reported cases of gonorrhea among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 3.33 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 4.52 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 4,648 cases of gonorrhea reported among young people ages 15–19 in New York.[22]

New York ranks 11^th in reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis among young people ages 15–19 in the U.S., with an infection rate of 0.05 cases per 1,000 compared to the national rate of 0.04 cases per 1,000. In 2008, there were a total of 72 cases of syphilis reported among young people ages 15–19 in New York.[23]

Comprehensive Approaches to Sex Education

SIECUS has identified some examples of model programs, policies, and best practices being implemented in New York public schools that provide a more comprehensive approach to sex education for young people.[24]

Comprehensive Sex Education Programs in Public Schools

New York City Department of Education Sex Education Pilot Program

In 2007, the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) implemented a pilot sex education program in ten public schools in the South Bronx. Five middle schools and five high schools elected to take part in the pilot program; a total of seven schools were able to complete the program. NYCDOE chose the South Bronx due to the community’s high rates of teen sexual activity and teen pregnancy.[25] The program used the evidenced-based curriculum, Reducing the Risk, as well as three lessons from the “Abstinence and Sexual Health” component of the HealthSmart curriculum for high school students. Middle school students received the middle school HealthSmart curriculum. Additional information was also provided on relationship violence, risky behaviors, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) issues.[26] District teachers administered both curricula. “Forty unique classrooms” took part in the pilot program and 24 lessons were included in both the middle school and high school curriculum.[27]

Reducing the Risk: Building Skills to Prevent Pregnancy, STD and HIV is a comprehensive sexuality education curriculum designed for high school students in the ninth and tenth grades that is appropriate for use with multi-ethnic populations.[28] The curriculum includes experiential activities that teach students to develop refusal, negotiation, and communication skills. An evaluation of the program published in Family Planning Perspectives found that it increased parent-child communication, especially among Latino youth, delayed the initiation of sexual intercourse, and reduced incidence of unprotected sex among lower-risk youth.[29]

HealthSmart is a comprehensive health education curriculum. There are two versions of the curriculum, one for middle school and one for high school. The middle school curriculum addresses four areas of health education, including “Personal and Family Health,” “Safety and Injury Protection,” “Nutrition and Physical Activity,” and “Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Prevention.” The “Personal and Family Health” unit teaches students information to “identify and seek help for troublesome feelings,” prevent bullying, resolve conflicts, “develop respect for their bodies,” and “practice behaviors that prevent the spread of diseases.”[30]

A process evaluation of the pilot program was conducted among school principals and teachers who administered the program. The evaluation revealed a lack of basic knowledge among students about human sexuality. Teachers reported that students who participated in the program possessed little to no knowledge of reproductive anatomy. Findings also show that students were eager to receive information.[31] In fact, teachers reported that in most cases they needed more time than one class period per lesson due to students’ engagement in the information and desire to ask questions and participate in class discussion. Additional findings show support among parents. The evaluation revealed that very few parents (zero to three per school) chose to opt their child out of the program. Those who did, chose to do so due to religious reasons. In addition, schools received little resistance from parents; and three out of the six principals who participated in the program evaluation reported strong parental support for the program.[32]

Findings also reveal that the pilot program made a positive impact on the school environment overall. Four out of the six principals participating in the survey stated that the pilot helped with school attendance, improved grades, and reduced the number of disciplinary incidents. Five out of the six principals reported that the program helped in “fostering school pride and connectedness.”[33] No principals reported that the program had any negative affect on academic goals and priorities.

Moreover, all of the principals stated that “they would use the curricula again and recommend them to other principals.”[34] And, among the teachers participating in the survey, all of the teachers “reported that they thought teaching sex education in school was important” and the majority thought that sex education should be mandated.[35]

We encourage you to submit any updated or additional information on comprehensive approaches to sex education being implemented in New York public schools for inclusion in future publications of the SIECUS State Profiles. Please visit SIECUS’ “Contact Us” webpage at www.siecus.org to share information. Select “state policy” as the subject heading.

Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs

Community-based organizations in New York received $4,485,091 in federal funds for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs in Fiscal Year 2009.[36]

Title V Abstinence-Only-Until Marriage Funding

New York chose not to participate in the Title V abstinence-only-until-marriage program in Fiscal Year 2009. The state was eligible for approximately $3,676,827 in funding. Due to the expiration of the grant program on June 30, 2009, three months prior to the end of the federal fiscal year, the state would have received three quarters of the total funding allocated for the full fiscal year.

Community-Based Abstinence Education (CBAE) Funding

Organizations in New York received $2,760,093 in CBAE funding for Fiscal Year 2009.
There are six CBAE grantees in New York, including four faith-based organizations, one community-based organization, and one crisis pregnancy center.

Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) Funding

Organizations in New York received $1,724,998 in AFLA funding for Fiscal Year 2009.
There are four AFLA grantees in New York, including three community-based organizations and one hospital.

Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Curricula Used by Grantees

Some abstinence-only-until-marriage grantees in New York use commercially available curricula. These include, but are not limited to:

A.C. Green’s Game Plan
WAIT Training

To read reviews of abstinence-only-until-marriage curricula commonly used by federal grantees please visit the “Curricula and Speaker Reviews” webpage of SIECUS’ Community Action Kit at www.communityactionkit.org.

Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs in FY 2009[37]

Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Grantee	Title V	CBAE (Length of Grant)	AFLA (Length of Grant)
Adolescent & Family Comprehensive Services, Inc. www.afcsny.org			$475,000 (2007–2012)
Be’er Hagolah Institutes www.beerhagolah.org		$290,398 (2008–2013)
Boys and Girls Clubs of the Northtowns www.bgcnt.net		$512,500 (2008–2013)
Catholic Charities of Buffalo (ProjecTruth) www.ccwny.org www.projectruth.com		$599,800 (2008–2013)
Catholic Charities of Oneida/Madison County www.catholiccharitiesom.org		$458,516 (2007–2012)
Catholic Charities of Onondaga County www.ccoc.us			$474,998 (2007–2012)
Mother and Unborn Baby Care of Long Island, Inc. (d.b.a. Life Center of Long Island) www.lifecenterli.org www.liteenfreedom.org		$598,879 (2006–2011)
Niagara County www.niagaracounty.com		$300,000 (2007–2012)
Our Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital, Inc. www.lourdes.com			$300,000 (2004–2009)
Project REACH www.projectreach.org			$475,000 (2007–2012)

Adolescent Health Contact[38]

Kristine Mesler

New York State Department of Health

State Adolescent Health Coordinator

Bureau of Child and Adolescent Health

Empire State Plaza

Corning Tower, Room 208

Albany, NY 12237

Phone: (518) 474-2084

New York Organizations that Support Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Anti-Violence Project 240 West 35^thStreet, Suite 200 New York, NY 10001 Phone: (212) 714-1184 www.avp.org	Empire State Pride Agenda 16 West 22^nd Street New York, NY 10010 Phone: (212) 627-0305 www.prideagenda.org
Family Planning Advocates of New York State 17 Elk Street Albany, NY 12207 Phone: (518) 436-8408 www.fpaofnys.org www.getthefactsny.org	GMHC 119 West 24^thStreet New York, NY 10011 Phone: 212.367.1000 www.gmhc.org
Harlem United Community AIDS Center 306 Lenox Avenue, 3^rd Floor New York, NY 10027 Phone: (212) 803-2850 www.harlemunited.org	New York AIDS Coalition 400 Broadway, 2^nd Floor New York, NY 10013 (646) 744-1598 www.nyaidscoalition.org
New York Civil Liberties Union 125 Broad Street New York, NY 10004 Phone: (212) 607-3300 www.nyclu.org	New York State United Teachers 800 Troy-Schenectady Road Latham, NY 12110 Phone: (518) 213-6000 www.nysut.org
Planned Parenthood of New York City 26 Bleecker Street New York, NY 10012 Phone: (212) 274-7200 www.ppnyc.org	Youth Organizers United 105 Washington Street, 2^nd Floor New York, NY 10006 Phone: (212) 608-6365

New York Organizations that Oppose Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Conservative Party of New York 486 78^th Street Ft. Hamilton Station, NY 11209 Phone: (718) 921-2158 www.cpnys.org	New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedom P.O. Box 107 Spencerport, NY 14559 Phone: (585) 225-2340 www.nycf.info
New York State Catholic Conference 465 State Street Albany, NY 12203 Phone: (518) 434-6195 www.nyscatholic.org	New York State Right to Life Committee 41 State Street, Suite 100M Albany, NY 12207 Phone: (518) 434-1293 www.nysrighttolife.org

Newspapers in New York^{^[39]}

The Buffalo News Newsroom P.O. Box 100 Buffalo, NY 14240 Phone: (716) 849-3434 www.buffalonews.com	Daily News Newsroom 450 West 33^rd Street New York, NY 10001 Phone: (212) 210-2100 www.nydailynews.com
Hudson Valley Press Newsroom P.O. Box 2160 Newburgh, NY 12550 Phone: (845) 562-1313 www.hvpress.net	New York Post Newsroom 1211 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 Phone: (212) 930-8000 www.nypost.com
The New York Times Newsroom 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Phone: (888) 698-6397 www.nytimes.com	Newsday Newsroom 235 Pinelawn Road Melville, NY 11747 Phone: (212) 251-6600 www.newsday.com
The Post-Standard Newsroom P.O. Box 4915 Syracuse, NY 13221 Phone: (315) 470-0011 www.post-standard.com	Press & Sun-Bulletin Newsroom P.O. Box 1270 Binghamton, NY 13902 Phone: (607) 352-2645 www.binghamtonpress.com
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle Newsroom 55 Exchange Boulevard Rochester, NY 14614 Phone: (585) 258-2220 www.democratandchronicle.com	Staten Island Advance Newsroom 950 Fingerboard Road Staten Island, NY 10305 Phone: (718) 981-1234 www.silive.com
Times Herald Record Newsroom 40 Mulberry Street Middletown, NY 10940 Phone: (845) 343-7008 www.recordonline.com	Times Union Newsroom P.O. Box 15000 Albany, NY 12212 Phone: (518) 454-5420 www.timesunion.com
The Village Voice Newsroom 36 Cooper Square New York, NY 10003 Phone: (212) 475-3333 www.villagevoice.com	The Wall Street Journal Newsroom 200 Liberty Street New York, NY 10281 Phone: (212) 416-2000 www.wsj.com

Political Blogs in New York

The Albany Project www.thealbanyproject.com	The Community Alliance Blog http://thecommunityalliance.blogspot.com
Lost in the Ozone www.davidmquintana.blogspot.com	Next Left Notes www.antiauthoritarian.net/NLN/
Politics on the Hudson http://polhudson.lohudblogs.com	Rochester Turning www.rochesterturning.com

[1] N.Y. Regs. of the Comr. Of Ed. §§ 135.3(b)(2) and (c)(2)(i).

[2] Ibid.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Ibid.

[5] N.Y. Regs. of the Comr. Of Ed. § 135.3(c)(2)(ii).

[6] Learning Standards for Health, Physical Education, and Family and Consumer Sciences at Three Levels (New York: New York State Department of Education), accessed 14 April 2010, <http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/pe/pub/hpefcle.pdf>, 4.

[7] N.Y. Regs. of the Comr. Of Ed. §§ 135.3(b)(2) and (c)(2)(i).

[8] Danice K. Eaton, et. al., “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2009,” Surveillance Summaries, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 59, no. SS-5 (4 June 2010): 98–109, accessed 4 June 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss5905.pdf>. Note: New York City also participated in the 2009 YRBS.

[9] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, (Washington, DC: Guttmacher Institute, January 2010), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends.pdf>, Table 3.1.

[10] Ibid., Table 3.2.

[11] Joyce A. Martin, et. al, “Births: Final Data for 2006,” National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 57, number 7 (Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 January 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_07.pdf>, Table B.

[12] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity , Table 3.2.

[13] Martin, et. al, “Births: Final Data for 2006,” 4.

[14] Ibid., Table B.

[15] U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions: National and State Trends and Trends by Race and Ethnicity, Table 3.5.

[16] “Cases of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2007,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, vol. 19, (Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, February 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2007report/pdf/2007SurveillanceReport.pdf> , Table 18.

[17] Slide 6: “Estimated Numbers of HIV/AIDS Cases among Adolescents 13 to 19 Years of Age, 2007—34 States,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults (through 2007), (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2009), accessed 25 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/adolescents/index.htm>.

[18] Ibid.; “AIDS Case Rate per 100,000 Population, All Ages, 2007,” (Menlo Park. CA: Kaiser Family Foundation), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparetable.jsp?ind=513&cat=11&sub=120&yr=62&typ=1&sort=a>.

[19] Ibid., Table 16.

[20] Slide 15: “Reported AIDS Cases among Adolescents 13 to 19 Years of Age, 2007—United States and Dependent Areas,” HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults (through 2007), (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 2009), accessed 25 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/adolescents/index.htm>.

[21] “Wonder Database: Selected STDs by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender, 1996-2008 Results,”(Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 30 June 2009, accessed 5 March 2010, <http://wonder.cdc.gov>; see also Table 10: “Chlamydia: Reported Cases and Rates Per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008, (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, November 2009), accessed 5 March 2010, <http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/surv2008-Complete.pdf>, 95.

[22] Ibid; see also Table 20: “Gonorrhea—Reported Cases and Rates per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008,106.

[23] Ibid; see also Table 33: “Primary and Secondary Syphilis—Reported Cases and Rates per 100,000 Population by Age Group and Sex: United States, 2004–2008,” Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2008, 121.

[24] This is by no means a complete list of all comprehensive programming and policies related to sexuality education, but rather some examples of best practices and model programs that SIECUS identified.

[25] Philip M. Alberti, et. al, “NYC Sex Education Pilot Program: Process Evaluation Results,” New York City Department of Education, accessed 15 June 2010, <http://www.nyclu.org/files/releases/Bronx_pilot_evaluation_05.27.10.pdf>, 3.

[26] Ibid, 6.

[27] Ibid, 12.

[28] Science and Success: Sex Education and Other Programs That Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Sexually Transmitted Infections (Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2008), accessed 30 March 2010, <http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/storage/advfy/documents/sciencesuccess.pdf>, 22.

[29] Ibid., 23–24.

[30] “Health Smart Curriculum,” West Middle Island School, accessed 23 May 2010, <http://www.longwood.k12.ny.us/wmi/health_smart.html>.

[31] Philip M. Alberti, et. al, “NYC Sex Education Pilot Program: Process Evaluation Results,” 13.

[32] Ibid, 18.

[33] Ibid.

[34] “Advocates Urge NYC Dept of Education to Expand Successful Sex Ed Program,” Press Release, American Civil Liberties Union, 27 May 2010, accessed 15 June 2010, <http://www.aclu.org/reproductive-freedom/advocates-urge-nyc-dept-education-expand-successful-sex-ed-program>.

[35] Ibid.

[36] This refers to the federal government’s fiscal year, which begins on October 1^st and ends on September 30^th. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, Fiscal Year 2009 began on October 1, 2008 and ended on September 30, 2009.

[37] Through the Fiscal Year 2010 appropriations process, Congress eliminated all discretionary funding for abstinence-only-until-marriage programs, including the entire CBAE program and the abstinence-only-until-marriage portion of AFLA. The grant years listed in the chart reflect the years for which funding was originally approved; however, the grants effectively ended in Fiscal Year 2009.

[38] SIECUS has identified this person as a state-based contact for information on adolescent health and if applicable, abstinence-only-until-marriage programs.

[39] This section is a list of major newspapers in your state with contact information for their newsrooms. This list is by no means exhaustive and does not contain the local level newspapers which are integral to getting your message out to your community. SIECUS strongly urges you to follow stories about the issues that concern you on the national, state, and local level by using an internet news alert service such as Google alerts, becoming an avid reader of your local papers, and establishing relationships with reporters who cover your issues. For more information on how to achieve your media goals visit the SIECUS Community Action Kit.

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New York State Profile Fiscal Year 2009